托福阅读逻辑关系是怎样引导的呢?考过托福阅读的同学可以发现虽然托福阅读文章篇幅长，介绍的内容也很多但从没有一种散乱的感觉，因为不管是托福还是其他的考试，文章中都会存在各种逻辑关系。
托福阅读文章逻辑关系第1种：因果关系
因：because, because of, for, as, since, in that, on account of,with
果：so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, hence, thus,consequently, accordingly
因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外，隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。
隐性因果：
A 导致(因-果)：cause, reason, lead to, give rise to, result in, render, make, let, ask, support,push, stimulate, spark, spur, fuel, produce, be responsible for
如The increased pressures of expanding populations have led to the removal of woody plants sothat many cities and towns are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees and shrubs.
在这段话中有lead to, 表示了导致的意思即结果; 而so that 更进一步表示了后面的结果，所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑。
B 由…而来(果-因)：result from, derive from, originate from, initiate from, stem from, beresponsive to, be attributable to
如 “The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendousnumbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing theprocess.”
在这段话中根据result from可以推断出有因果关系，那如果是解释句子题时选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑。
C 反映，体现(果-因): reflect, present, demonstrate, suggest, imply, show
This result demonstrates that…
D 考虑到: given, considering, in view of, thanks to, according to
He succeeded thanks to (in view of) his effort.
E 依赖于: rely on, depend on, resort to,
He resorted to books when he had problems.
F 条件关系：when, once, as soon as, as long as
As soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once.
G 分词短语，不定式做状语
Failing in the final exam, she cried.
托福阅读文章逻辑关系第二种：对比转折关系
A 对比：while, whereas, on the other hand
在解释句子题插入句子题中，一旦出现对比关系学生在掌握的基础上就能非常快速的判定句间和句内的关系。While, whereas 前后连接的是平行结构，on the other hand前必定有on one hand, 可以用来把握句间关系。
B 转折：but, although, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, however
托福阅读文章逻辑关系第三种：比较关系
A 同级比较 as…as
B 比较级：more…than, -er than, less…than
C 变化：change, alter, vary, modify, revise, increase, decrease, enhance, diminish, develop,progress, advance, improve, retreat, degenerate, continue, remain
D 差异：different, distinguish, separate, same, similar, comparable, compare…to
E 超越：surpass, exceed, excel, over
No one is more outstanding than him. |
