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小小代词都认识，it/they/this/these/such...
但它所指你知道吗？
我们唯一能确定，指代的内容在前面。因为前面先提过，避免重复才用它。另外我们还知道，代词一般指的是某个东西，或某件事情。不可能指代形容词或者动词。
所以，找代词指代，第一步，往前一句看，先找名词。
可是，前一句中，有很多名词，主语、宾语、介词宾语，都是名词，怎么判断？
很简单，把这些名词，代入到下一句的代词，读一读句子意思，就知道了。
Statues were created not fortheir decorative effect but to play a primary role in the cults of the gods, the king, and the dead. They were designed to be put in places where these beings could manifest themselves in order to be the recipients of ritual actions.
第一步，看前一句，先看主干，我们知道在讲statues雕塑被创造出来是干什么的。下一句They were designed to be put in places，它们被设计出来是要放在...。
那还是在讲雕塑的目的，statues代入一读，意思就非常通顺。
所以指代的是前面的主语statues。
如果到这里以为，所有的代词都指代主语，那就太大意了。
例如:
Before this evidence came to light, the inventors of writing were assumed by researchers to have been an intellectual elite.Some, for example, hypothesized that writing emerged when members of the priestly caste agreed among themselves on written signs.
第一步，看前一句意思，先看主句主干，意思是研究者假设文字的发明者是...。
下一句说例如，some一些人假设...那这个some肯定是指研究者，才说得通。
所以some指代的是前面的researchers。
Nothing divided the medieval world in Europe more decisively from the Early Modern period than printing with movable type.It was a German invention and the culmination of a complex process.The world of antiquity had recorded its writings mainly on papyrus. Between 200 B.C and A.D 300, this was supplemented by vellum, calf skin treated and then smoothed by pumice stone.
This指代什么？（参考答案在文末）
But the mythsthat have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group’s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites.When this occurs, the first step has been taken toward theater as an autonomous activity, and thereafter entertainment and aesthetic values may gradually replace the former mystical and socially efficacious concerns.
原文说this occurs(发生)，只有事情才能发生，this指代的是一件事。
那就往前看句子主谓宾“the myths may continue as part of...and may even come to be acted out...”
这句在强调even后的内容，即the myths may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites.神话故事甚至脱离了仪式而被演绎着。
下句when this occurs,就是当前句所强调的内容发生了。
所以，this指代的是the myths may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites.
总结：代词指代前句的任何一个名词，或者句子核心意思，都有可能。需要我们结合上下句意思判断。
附：文中题目的答案
上句意思是，古时主要在纸莎草纸papyrus上记录文字。下句意思是，在纸莎草纸的基础上又增加了牛皮纸vellum，应该是papyrus was supplemented by vellum。
所以，this指代上句的papyrus。
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