事实题：要求选择与原文描述一致的选项（如 “According to the paragraph, which of the following is true?”）。
非事实题（EXCEPT/NOT 题）：要求选择与原文不符或未提及的选项（如 “All of the following are mentioned EXCEPT...”）。
二、典型易错题实例剖析
实例一：事实题（真题汇编）
题目原文： Some anthropologists differentiate between two movement patterns: transhumance and nomadism. In transhumance, some men in a pastoral society move livestock seasonally, while women, children, and others stay in permanent settlements. Nomadism, however, involves no permanent villages—all members of the social unit move livestock to new pastures. But researchers have noted that within societies, there is enormous variation: for example, among Karamojong herds, one owner stayed sedentary for a year, while another grazed over 500 square miles. 题目： Which of the following best describes the distinction between transhumance and nomadism? A. Transhumance moves only some livestock, while nomadism moves entire herds. B. Transhumance involves partial social unit movement, while nomadism involves full unit movement. C. Transhumance includes all social members in food production, while nomadism involves only males. D. Transhumance moves livestock seasonally, while nomadism moves based on housing needs. 易错点解析：
干扰项 A：偷换对比对象。原文对比的是 “社会成员的移动范围”（部分人 vs. 所有人），而选项 A 将对比偷换为 “牲畜的移动数量”，与原文不符。
正确项 B：精准对应原文 “transhumance 中部分人留守，nomadism 中所有人迁移” 的描述，属于同义改写（partial social unit movement vs. full unit movement）。
题目原文： From the 6th century B.C.E. to the 10th century C.E., the Sogdian city-states in Central Asia were key to the Silk Road trade. Though Central Asia is arid, the Sogdians built dams and channels to carry water to cities and farms, creating thriving settlements like Bukhara. Gigantic walls protected cities from nomadic raiders and desert encroachment; the wall around Bukhara extended over 150 miles. 题目： According to the paragraph, the Sogdians took steps to address all EXCEPT: A. desert sands invading their land B. water scarcity due to aridity C. trade competition outside the Silk Road D. foreign attacks on their cities 易错点解析：
定位原文：
应对 “干旱缺水”（B）：原文提到 “built dams and channels”（建造水利设施）；
应对 “沙漠侵蚀”（A）和 “外敌入侵”（D）：原文提到 “walls...protected from nomadic raiders and desert encroachment”；
