II Background 方法介绍
总结归纳来介绍 Background 的写作，认为应该从内容相同句型上做到补充。下面要给考生们介绍的是扩充背景句的方法：
1)追根溯源法：即从题目给出的话题中找出这个现象产生的原因来扩展背景句。此方法主要适合大多数的话题，考生一定要尽可能的在考前做练习，如此在考试就能得心应手了。
请看下面的例子：
There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones?
这个题目中给出的话题是 mobile phone，而考生可以从它产生的原因进行考虑，就是科技的繁荣，而科技的繁荣，手机的广泛使用是在 20世纪末，这样背景句会有内容可以写了。当要通过相应的句型来写了。
如 … (time) witnessed …
这个背景句就可以写成：The late 20th century witnessed the boom of science and technology, which gave rise to a series of technological innovations, including the mobile phone.
再看一例：
Nowadays, some universities offer students skills that assist them to find employment, but some people believe that the main function of a university should be to provide students with access to knowledge for its sake. What is your opinion?
这题需要考生们讨论一下大学是提供职业技能还是传授知识。而从传统观点可以看出大学其实是传授知识的地方，为何会提出要传授的技能呢，在此考生们也能用追根溯源法思考下，大家肯定能想到是由于找工作已经成为当今教育的目的之一了，所以大部分大学就转移到主要用传授技能为主了。那当然还需要结合句型，这里可以用 as 引导的原因状语从句。
参考：As job-hunting has become one of the main purposes of university education, the majority of the universities tend to offer vocational trainings to prepare the students for their future career.
2) 重述法。即对这个话题的当前现状进行重述。请看一例：
Nowadays, people are facing more and more work-related stress. State the possible reasons for this phenomenon and make some recommendations about how to combat it。
本题的话题是有关压力的，那考生可以从当前社会现象考虑该问题，考生不容易想出当下对压力
这一现象的情况，即大部分人都在承受着或多或少的压力。可用 it is generally believed that … 形式主语的句型。
参考: It is generally believed that white-collar as well as blue-collars workers are suffering from psychological and physical stress stemming from work.
再看一例：
Environmental problem is too big for individual countries and individual people to address. In other words, we have reached the stage where the only way to protect the environment is at an international level. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
本题话题其实是环境问题，考生们能够用重述法对当前环境问题进行重述，此时能用 In modern society/ At present, 等表时间的介词短语，从而引导出一个叙述句型。
参考：In modern society, environment related issues have confronted ecological scientists, government agencies and the general public. (引自雅思高分范文 p16)
3)定义法：即通过对话题词的定义的介绍，这种方法有一定难度，考生需要有渊博的知识，才可以做到对于名词的解释，但有关很明显的词语，考生可借鉴这种方法。
请看一例：
The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they should not waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
本题中的话题词其实是图书馆，能解释的词即是图书馆比较方便容易。如此究竟要怎么解释呢，
像图书馆在传统意义上可以看出，是收藏书的地方，而现在因为科技发展，使得图书馆的意义发生改变，从而引出话题。这里同样可以用形式主语：
It is generally believed that public libraries are places with a large collection of books; the digital time has given it a new means of storing and retrieving information.
III Background 句型介绍：
从以上的分析，我们发现在内容上是有方法了，不难从内容上找材料，可是若句型积累不多的话，写出来的句子也是根本没有办法得到高分的，而接下来为大家介绍下常用的高分句型。
1) It is … that …
It is … who … 强调句型
Eg It is the traditions in Beijing that attract many foreign tourists.
下面是考官范文里的句子：
It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person’s personality and dictates how that personality develops.
2) It is generally believed
It is the case that …
It is apparent that … 等形式主语
Eg It is generally believed that white-co
llar as well as blue-collar workers are suffering from psychological and physical stress stemming from work.
3) 状语前置
下面是剑 6 的高分范文中的句子:
In spite of this, the obvious benefits of computer skills for young children cannot be denied.
Just like movie stars, they live extravagant lifestyles with huge houses and cars. |
