USABO美国奥林匹克生物竞赛是整个美国的生物学科领域内最高端硬核的知识类竞赛,面向全美高中生进行IBO国际奥林匹克生物竞赛国家队队员选拔~ USABO生物竞赛 含金量对申请大学背景提升来说有极大作用。
USABO竞赛报名时间
报名时间:2024年3月26日截止报名
考试时间:2024年4月6日10:30-11:20
非美国国籍学生可参加初赛,即由美国的知名大学轮流出题,以50分钟内答50道选择题的形式考察整个生物学科的知识点的考试。
其内容包括:
生物化学Biochemistry,分子生物学Molecular Biology, 细胞生物学Cellular Biology,发育生物学DevelopmentalBiology,微生物学Microbiology,植物学Botany,植物生理学Phytophysiology,动物学Zoology,生理学Physiology,遗传学Genetics,基因组学Genomics,进化学Evolution,生态学Ecology,动物行为学Ethology和生物分类学Biotaxonomy。
总体考察内容非常广泛,题目难度大部分属于college level或更高,对于学生而言属于挑战性考试。
因为其考试对于学生的生物学素质要求过高,只推荐已开始学习AP Biology的学生参加。今天就来一起看下USABO生物竞赛的题目类型吧~
Linezolid was the first of the oxazolidinone antibiotics to enter clinical use and targets the 23S rRNA ribosomal subunit of Gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus has been observed to develop resistance to linezolid by methylation of A2503 in the 23S rRNA. This is an example of antibiotic resistance via:
A. Changes in antibiotic target by mutation.
B. Multidrug efflux pumps.
C. Reduced permeability.
D. Protection by modification.
E. Inactivation by transfer of a chemical group.
Nucleotide的methylation属于modification的一种,通过这种方式可以起到保护作用。通过读题分析题目可得此题选D。
You are working in a drug discovery lab that is developing small-molecule inhibitors of the telomerase protein as a potential cancer therapy. Shown below is a model of the key catalytic site of the human telomerase protein. You are responsible for designing a tripeptide molecule that can bind to residues Lys626, Val 867, and Asp 868. Which of the following tripeptides will bind the strongest to these three amino acids? Assume that the first amino acid in the tripeptide will bind to K626, the second amino acid will bind to V867, and the third will bind to D868.
Figure 1. Human telomerase protein indicating key catalytic site. Created using Biorender.com
A. Asp - Ser – His.
B. Glu - Pro – Asn.
C. Asp - Val – Glu.
D. Glu - Ile – Arg.
E. Arg - Ser – Phe.
考察Amino aicds的names和structures以及properties及其interaction的理解和记忆。
本题种K是basic amino acid即Lys,因此与其binding的需要是acidic amino acid,即Glu或者Asp,可排除E;V是nonpolar amino acid即Val因此需要另一个nonpolar amino acid与其形成hydrophobic bond,因此可排除AE;D是acidic amino acid即Asp,因此需要basic amino aicd即Lys,Arg或者His,因此排除BCE。
综上选D。
Which of the following signaling mechanisms passes a signal from one cell to another fastest?
A. Synaptic neurotransmitter.
B. Gap junction.
C. Protein phosphorylation cascade.
D. Two-component systems.
E. Paracrine.
考察signal transmission的速度,其中gap junction可以构成electrical synapse,直接在cell之间传递电信号,因此是速度最快的。
故选B。
The D614G mutation in the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which changes an aspartic acid side chain to a glycine side chain, has become predominant in the Covid-19 pandemic. This phenomenon is classified as:
A. Nonsense mutation.
B. Missense mutation.
C. Silent mutation.
D. Truncating mutation.
E. Iatrogenic mutation.
考察mutation的类型,题目中明确描述了D614G是由Asp转化为Glc
故为B.
最后,老师有话说~
在50分钟50道题的考试方式下,要求学生有很强的阅读能力与生物学知识面广度,来准确作答。同时也需要通过学生整体的生物学知识体系,形成系统性的生物学科学观,来分析判断题目给出的背景信息来作答。
竞赛的目的不是为了筛选看书多背书多的学生,而是真正对生命科学形成系统性知识理解和科学性思维的学生,因此在学习种对知识点进行总结归纳形成体系是极其重要的。
|